A personal computer (PC) is a general purpose computer which is designed for personal uses. A personal computer may be a desktop, a laptop, a tablet or a palmtop. Software applications for personal computers (PCs) include word processing, spreadsheet, database, web browsers, e-mail, games and special purpose software. Modern PCs often have high-speed or dial-up connections to the internet, allowing access to the internet and a wide range of other resources.
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PCs were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics viz. the IC, which was devloped in 1959 and the microprocessor, which was first introduced in 1971. The first complete PC was the Commodore PET introduced in January 1977. In 1981, IBM introduced its own microcomputer model (IBM, PC). IBM PC was the first most popular personal computer.
Parts of personal computer : A computer is a system that many parts working together and each part has a special function. Some of them are illustrated below -
System unit :
It is the main part of the computer syste. It include the motherboard, microprocessor, main memory, bus and pots inside this unit, microprocessor, disc drives and other elements that work together to do the actual computing. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU) or microprocessor which acts as the 'brain of computer'. Another components is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on. The information is turned off.
Almost every other parts of computer such as keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer etc. Connect to this system unit through cables. The cables plug into specific ports present on the backside of the system unit. Tower type system unit is mostly used at home and offices that vertically placed on the side of the monitor. Another type of system unit is desktop type system unit.
Hard Disc :
It is a hardware devices which stores all programs and data in the computer. Hence, it is also referred to as ''memory bank of computer". It is permanent memory because programs and data stored I this disc are not lost when the computer is turned off. In most of the cases, it is permanently installed in the system unit and stores both the software the computer uses and the data files the user creates.
CD Drive :
This drive is usually situated on the front of the system unit that enable us to read and store the information on CD disks. It uses lasers to read data from CD.
CD ROM Drive :
This Drive is a device that read information stored in CD ROM. The information stored in CD ROM can neither be changed nor can new information be added to it.
CD Writer :
It is a device that reads and writes the information from CD.
Key board :
It just like a type-writer which contains key to feed the data information into the computer. It is attached with the system unit through a cord. Standard and IBM keyboard have 83 keys while enhanced keyboard has 104 keys. It communicates user to the computer. A computer's keyboard has many more keys that does several more function.
Modem :
It is short form of Modular-Demodular. It is advice that receives and sends information via a telephone line or high level cable. To connect our computer to the internet, we need a modem.
Monitor :
This is the most popular input/output device looks like a small TV and shows you what is going on. It has two cords, one for power and other for connecting to the system unit. When commands are given to computer through the keyboard are displayed on monitor.
Mouse :
It is an input device and is used to point and select items on your computer screen I.e. for controlling the movement of the cursor on the computer screen. By sliding the mouse on a flat surface the user clicks the mouse to select the items. A single cord present on the back side of system unit used to connect it. Today's cordless mouse are available in the markets. The left and the right click have different functions depending on the software being in use.
Scanner :
It is input device that scans photos, graphs, diagrams or any handwritten matters and transfers to the computer in digital form.
Printer :
It is the primary output device used to prepare permanent documents in readable form, such readable document are called 'hard copy'.
Basically two types of printers ae designed for different applications. These are :
A) Impact printer :
Impact printer is one in which printer head strikes on inked ribbon placed immediately in front of a sheet of a paper, leaving an imprint head on the paper. Dot Matrix Printer, Line Printer and Daisy Wheel Printer are three example of impact printers.
B) Non Impact Printer :
Non Impact printer does not operate by striking a head against a ribbon. Inkjet Printers, Laser printers and Thermal Printers are example of non-impact printer.
C) Inkjet Printer :
There are two types of inkjet printers called 'mono' and 'colour'. In this printer, the ink is stored in disposable ink catridges. Often a separate cartridge is used for each of the major colours. This colours are usually Black, Red and Magenta; Green, cyan and yellow. The print quality of this printer is good and it's printing speed ranges from 360 to 600 dpi(dots per inch).
D) Laser Printer :
A laser printer use a laser source to produce an image of the documents/ or file on a photosensitive drum. The light of the laser alters the electrical charge on the drum whenever it hits. The drum is then rolled through a reservoir of toner which is picked up by the charge portions of the drum. Finally, the toner is transfered to the paper through a combination of heat and pressure. Thus we get the print. Mono and colour are two types of laser printers. Low speed laser printers produce 10 or more than 10 pages per minute and are used with PC's. On the other hand high speed laser printers produce about 300 pages per minute.
E) Thermal Printers or Electro-thermal Printers :
A thermal printer utilizes heated pins to burn images onto coated thermo-chromic paper or thermal paper. When the paper passes over the thermal print head the coating turns black in the areas where it is heated producing an images. This type of printers are commonly used in calculater and fax machine.
Speaker :
It is an output device, often it is used for entertainment. It is connected to the sound cord of the system unit. The output as a sound can be heard in the speaker.
UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) :
It is also known as battery back-up. Suddenly when power has gone during working on computer, the data and information introduced are erased if they are not saved and the system may interrupted. So a UPS can be used to provide uninterrupted power supply to the computer system for shut down the computer properly.
Parts of Computer in details :
Credit - Jaspreet e-Learning
This information enough for by project thanks and keep it up ..
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