What type of Language are used in Computer?

There are two basic type of language are used in computer.

• Low Level Language (LLL) 
• HighLevel Language (HLL)

Low Level Language : This language can be further divided into two types of languages. 

• Machine Language
• Assembly Language

Machine Language : Computer does not understand natural language like English, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi etc. They understand only the machine language, which is normally written as strings of two digit 1 and 0, i.e all instruction and data should be written using binary codes 1(on) and 0(off). The binary code instruction which the computer can understand is known as 'Machine code' and the sequence in ko which they are written is called as Machine Language'. An instruction prepared in any machine language consists two parts :

• The first part of instruction is called 'operating code' (OPCODE). It is command, which tells the computer what function to perform.

• The second part is 'operand' which tells the computer where to find or store data. Thus, each instruction tells the CPU the task to be performed and the data to be operated on. 

Advantage of Machine Language : 

• Program that are written in machine language are executed very fast by CPU because CPU recognise instruction directly.

Disadvantage of Machine Language : 

• Machine language is not easy to learn because it is written in binary codes so it is very difficult to remember the machine codes of various characters and symbols.

• Writing program in machine language is very tedious one and also a lot of time is wasted during machine code programming. 

• The internal design of all computers are different and needs different instructions to operate it. Hence, machine language is totally dependent on type of computer and it's design. Machine language programmer is therefore must be an expert who have complete knowledge about the hardware structure of the computer.

• For writing program in machine language programmer has to remember a lot of codes. Sometimes he becomes confused with resembling codes and does some errors. Hence, machine language is error-prone.

Assembly Language : An assembly language uses mnemonics (memory aid, a substitute letter symbols) for numeric in the machine language program, is called 'Assembly language'. A program written in symbolic language that uses symbols instead of number is called 'Assembly code'. The computer does its own translating of programmes written in assembly to machine language form with the help of a translating program. The transistor program that translate assembly codes into machine codes is called as an 'Assembler'. The assembler. The assembler is a system program (software) which is written by system programmers. MVI, ADD, MOV, HLT are some commonly used mnemonics which replace machine code. 

Thus, assembly language is also a machine oriented language and hence the program has to be different for different machines. 

Advantage of Assembly Language over Machine Language : 

• Mnemonics used instead of writing codes make easier to understand and use of assembly languages. 

• A lot of time is saved in writing assembly language programs as compared to that of time required to write machine language programs. 

• Assembly programs are easily modified whereas machine language programs have great problem in modification. 

Disadvantages of Assembly Language : 

• Writing a program in assembly language is still slow and tedious task.

• Assembly languages are machine-dependent. They are designed for specific model of processor being used in the compute. Hence, the programmer must be aware of hardware details of the computer, machine characteristics and logical structure of the computer in order to write assembly language programs.

High Level Language : 

They are machine-independent and problem orinted language. It is because they are more orinted towards the problem to be solved rather than structure of the machine. Hence, high level languages are also knows as 'Problem Orinted Languages'. High level languages are basically symbolic languages that use english words and mathematical notations rather than numeric or mnemonic codes so they are easier to understand by different user's. For example, to add two numbers in HLL (BASIC), we write it as LET C = A+B, which is so simple as well as easy to understand. 

Advantages of High Level Languages :  

• This language facilitates the programmers to use computers without the need to know the details of internal structure of computers. 

• Thislanguage is easier to learn and use. 

• Bythe use of HLL less errors are obtained as compared to assembly and machine languages. 

• HLL are easy to learn and write so a lot of time is saved in writing the programs.

• HLLare easier for documentation.

• Programs written in HLL are easier to maintain than machine language and assembly language programs.